SIKAT: A Scratch-Based Interactive Multimedia for Enhancing Plant Anatomy Learning in Elementary Science Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/jthkkss.v7i1.2.2026Keywords:
3D animation, elementary science, interactive multimedia, IPAS, plant anatomy, Scratch platform, SIKATAbstract
Science education in Indonesian elementary schools faces significant challenges, particularly in teaching abstract concepts such as plant anatomy. Students often struggle to visualize internal structures like xylem and phloem tissues, requiring multimodal representations to facilitate conceptual understanding. This study developed and evaluated SIKAT (Sistem Interaktif Kenali Anatomi Tumbuhan), a Scratch-based interactive multimedia learning platform featuring 3D animations, physiological simulations, and adaptive assessment for fourth-grade students. Employing the Borg and Gall Research and Development model with quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design, this study involved 150 fourth-grade students from five elementary schools in Ngaringan District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java. The experimental group (n=60) received instruction using SIKAT, while the control group (n=90) received conventional instruction. Expert validation yielded exceptionally high scores: content validity 95.5%, media quality 95.7%, and language quality 93.3%, all categorized as "highly valid." Practicality testing demonstrated strong user acceptance, with teachers rating 96.7% and students 96.2%. Effectiveness evaluation revealed substantial learning gains: the experimental group achieved mean posttest score of 85.90 with 100% mastery compared to control group's 72.40 with 66% mastery. Independent Sample t-Test showed t=8.742 (p<0.001), N-Gain of 0.62 (moderate) versus 0.24 (low), and Cohen's d effect size of 1.56 indicating very large practical significance. These findings confirm SIKAT as a highly effective solution for enhancing plant anatomy understanding in resource-constrained educational contexts.
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